Numerical Analysis on Micro-Element Streaming Potential of Articular Cartilage / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the distribution of streaming potential generated by interstitial fluid flow in articular cartilage and obtain electrical characteristics of articular cartilage. Methods The governing equation of fluid and electrostatic theory were combined to establish a two-dimensional (2D) micro-element model of cartilage, and the steady streaming potential generated in microelement under certain pressure was calculated by finite element method. Results The streaming potential in micro-pore model of articular cartilage with the length of 5 μm was about 38.4 μV. The effect of external pressure and Zeta potential on streaming potential of articular cartilage model was significant and showed a linear increase relationship. The streaming potential decreased with the increase of ion number concentration, but the concentration had different effects on streaming potential of articular cartilage. When the ion number concentration was low, streaming potential was more dependent on ion number concentration. When ion number concentration was high, the effect of ion number concentration on streaming potential was very small. Conclusions The results of this study provide important theoretical basis for differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes, prevention and treatment of articular cartilage diseases, development of tissue-engineered cartilage and repair of articular cartilage injury by means of electric current, electric field and electromagnetic field stimulation.

Uterotonic Potential of Selected Plants Used by Ugandan Local Communities in the Treatment of Malaria

Malaria is a major cause of death among pregnant women and children under the age of five in Uganda. It is the leading cause of anemia among pregnant women and low birth weight in infants [1]. Majority of the rural population rely on herbs for treatment of various diseases. The leaf extracts of various plants including Bothlioclines longipes, Vernonia amygdalina, Rhus natalensis and Maesa lanceolata are used to treat various diseases including malaria in Uganda. The local communities prefer herbal preparations from the leaves of the plants. Extracts from the leaves of the plants were proven efficacious against P. falciparum in earlier studies in vitro. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Diethyl ether and methanol extracts on the contractility of an isolated rabbit uterus and also to quantitatively analyze for iron and zinc in the leaves of these plants. The diethyl ether extracts of V. amygdalina, M. lanceolata and R. natalensis at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml and 0.8 mg/ml exhibited contractility amplitudes of 26.0 mm, 21.5 mm and 27.5 mm and 22.5±1.10 mm, 15.0±1.78 mm and 24.5 ±0.99 mm respectively. The methanol extracts were 25.5±0.70 mm, 23±1.34 mm, 22±1.01 mm and 37.8±1.26 mm, 16.7±2.01 mm, 24.3±0.06 mm respectively, while oxytocin showed 22.8±0.57 mm and 31.0±0.36 mm respectively. The plant leaves were found to have high levels of iron ranging from 2516.587±17.983 (mg/100 g) in B. longipes to 583.317±9.505 (mg/100 g) in V. amygdalina. Rhus natalensis and V. amygdalina had low levels of Zinc. Anti-nutritive phytocompounds such as saponins and Tannins were also detected in some of the test extracts. The study concludes that plants used by pregnant women may have either a positive or negative effect on expectant mothers. There is need to formulate evidence based effective medicines for their safe use in the management of malaria.

Association between dietary microelement intake and metabolic syndrome among elderly males and females in Zhejiang province / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between microelement intake and metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly males and females in Zhejiang province. Methods Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the intake of microelements by sex among different groups according to the diagnostic criteria of MS in 780 people(404 male,376 female).Logistic regression was used to explore the association between microelements and MS and its components.Results The percentages of inadequate intake of Mn,Zn and Se were relatively high among elderly people of Zhejiang province(males:30.45%,72.52%,75.74%;females:47.34%,33.78%,80.59%,respectively).Microelement intake in males were higher than females(P<0.05).The intake of Fe and Se were higher in the abdominal obesity group than the non-abdominal obesity group among elderly males,the intakes of Fe,Zn,Se in hypertension group were lower, and Se intake was higher in hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia groups. Furthermore, enough intake of Fe(odds ratio OR,0.41;95% confidence interval CI:0.19,0.87)and Se(OR,0.30;95% CI:0.14, 0.63)decreased the risk of hypertension,and high Cu(OR,2.35;95% CI:1.18,4.71)intake increased the risk of hyperglycemia.Among females,Zn intake in the MS group was lower than in the non-MS group;the intakes of Cu, Zn and Se in the hypertension group were lower; the intakes of Fe, Mn and Zn in the hyperglycemia group were lower as well;and Se intake was lower in the low HDL-C group.Again,the high intake of Zn (OR, 3.21; 95% CI: 1.36, 7.59) and Se (OR, 2.79; 95% CI: 1.24, 6.27) increased the risk of abdominal obesity, but moderate intake of Cu (OR, 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.72) had a protective effect on hypertension. Conclusions The percentages of inadequate microelement intake were relatively high in elderly people of Zhejiang province. There is a relationship between dietary microelements and MS or its components. It is necessary to guide elderly people to adopt reasonable diet by referring to the Chinese dietary reference intake and Dietay Guidelines in order to improve the situation of microelements intake and promote health.

Systematical analysis of multiple components in drainage bear bile powder from different sources / 中国中药杂志

Bear Bile Powder contains bile acids, protein, amino acids, bilirubin and microelements and other compounds. Among them, the bile acids are the most active components. Currently, there are many studies on bile acids, but few reports on other components. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to carry out a systematical analysis of multiple components in drainage Bear Bile Powder from different sources. Bilirubin and protein were quantified by microplate spectrophotometer. The contents of bile acids and amino acids were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The contents of microelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) The result indicated that among 20 batches of bear bile powder from different sources there is high similarity (0.922-0.977). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) were the two most abundant components. The total contents of them were 41%-59% and met the current standard for quality control of bear bile powder. However, significant differences were found in their contents among samples from different sources. Besides, bilirubin, protein, amino acids and microelements also contributed to the differentiation of samples from different sources. The main components of bear bile powder from the different sources were with satisfactory similarity. But bile acids, bilirubin, protein, amino acids and microelements all contributed to the different among samples. Our present study provided a systematical approach for the better quality control and evaluation of bear bile powder.

Content Determination of 30 Kinds of Microelements in Mallotus apelta from Guangxi by ICP-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 30 kinds of microelements in Mallotus apelta from Guangxi. METHODS:ICP-MS method was adopted. The radio frequency power was 1550 W,the sampling depth was 10 mm,the carrier gas velocity was 1.05 L/min,the atomizing chamber temperature was 2 ℃,and the peristaltic pump was 0.10 rps. The collision mode was He,and the gas flow rate was 4.2 mL/min. RESULTS:The linear ranges of aluminum,vanadium,chromi-um,manganese,iron,nickel,copper,zinc,gallium,arsenic,cadmium,antimony,molybdenum,rubidium,cesium,barium, lanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,neodymium,europium,gadolinium,dysprosium,holmium,erbium,lutetium,mercury,thal-lium,lead and uranium were 10-1000 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9999),10-1000 ng/mL (r=0.9999),10-1000 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.5-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.9998), 1-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.5-50 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-50 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9998),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999), 0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9998),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9984),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),respectively. The limits of quantita-tion were no higher than 0.44 mg/kg,and the limits of detection were no higher than 0.11 mg/kg. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 10.0%. The recoveries were 80.45%-116.68%(RSD ranged 0.47%-5.83%,n=6). The con-tents of Mn,Ba Fe and Al in samples were the highest. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproduc-ible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 30 kinds of microelements in M. apelta from Guangxi. The contents of harmful elements are in line with national standard.

Suplementação dietética de levedura de cerveja e de minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho e resposta imune em frangos de corte desafiados com a vacina de coccidiose / Assessment of beer yeast diet and organic minerals on the performance and immune reponse of broilers immunized against coccidiosis vaccine

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de levedura de cerveja e minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho, morfometria intestinal e resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte, desafiados com a vacina de coccidiose. Foram utilizados 384 pintos de corte, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (1. controle, 2. minerais orgânicos 3. levedo de cerveja, 4. associação de minerais orgânicos e levedo de cerveja) e 4 repetições de 24 aves cada. No alojamento, 12 aves de cada repetição foram identificadas com anilha e receberam a vacina contra coccidiose via ocular. Aos 7, 21, 35 e 42 dias, foi coletado sangue para análise de proteínas séricas totais e perfil eletroforético de IgA e IgG e um segmento do duodeno para análise morfométrica. A suplementação de levedo de cerveja ou de minerais orgânicos não afetou o desempenho de frangos de corte ou a produção de anticorpos. O desafio imunológico com a vacina de coccidiose não foi suficientemente eficaz em provocar uma resposta imune capaz de alterar a morfometria da mucosa duodenal e a produção de anticorpos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beer yeast and organic minerals supplementations on the performance, intestinal morphometry and humoral immune response of broilers that were challenged with coccidiosis vaccine. Three-hundred-eighty-four chicks were used, randomly distributed in an entirely random design total with four treatments (1. control, 2. organic minerals on top, 3. beer yeast, 4. association between organic minerals and beer yeast) and four treatments with 24-bird repetition each. At housing, 12 birds of each repetition were identified and received the eye-drop vaccine against coccidiosis. At 7, 21, 35 and 42 days it was collected blood to analyze the total serum proteins and the eletrophoretic profile of IgA and IgG and a duodenal segment for morphometric analysis. Neither the beer yeast nor the organic minerals supplementation affected the broiler performance or the antibodies production. The immunological challenge like the coccidiosis vaccine was not efficacious enough to provide an immune response able to modify the duodenal mucosa morphometry and the antibodies production.

Teores séricos e hepáticos de cobre, ferro, molibdênio e zinco em ovinos e caprinos no estado de Pernambuco / Serum and liver concentrations of copper, iron, zinc and molybdenum in sheep and goats in the state of Pernambuco

O trabalho objetivou conhecer os teores de Cu, Mo, Fe e Zn em soro e fígado de ovinos e caprinos criados na região semiárida do estado de Pernambuco e abatidos nas épocas da chuva e seca, e estabelecer se a carência de Cu é causada por deficiência primária de Cu ou secundária à ingestão de quantidades excessivas de Fe ou Mo. Amostras de soro e fígado de 141 ovinos e 141 caprinos foram submetidas à digestão úmida em ácido nítrico-perclórico e, posteriormente, analisados em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica indutivamente acoplado (ICPOES). A concentração sérica de Cu em caprinos teve uma média de 9,85±2,71µmol/L e em caprinos de 11,37±2,57µmol/L, enquanto que a concentração hepática média foi de 158,45±83,05mg/kg para ovinos e 152,46±79,58mg/kg para caprinos. Os teores séricos de Fe foram de 35,58± 14,89µmol/L em ovinos e de 25,06±8,10µmol/L em caprinos e as concentrações no fígado foram de 156,10±55,99mg/ kg em ovinos e 210,53±121,99mg/kg em caprinos. As concentrações médias séricas de Mo foram de 0,28±0,11µmol/ L em caprinos e 0,31±0,16µmol/L em ovinos, enquanto que no fígado sua concentração foi de 6,53±4,13mg/kg e 8,10± 4,01mg/kg, respectivamente. A concentração sérica de Zn foi de 11,9±6,07µmol/L em ovinos e 11,79±7,42µmol/ L em caprinos e a concentração no fígado foi de 126,43 ±51,50mg/kg e 132,91±55,28mg/kg em ovinos e caprinos, respectivamente. Verificou-se variação na concentração destes minerais considerando os fatores de variação, como o período sazonal, espécie e sexo. Baseado nos valores observados, considerados marginais, e na ocorrência de surtos de ataxia enzoótica em caprinos e ovinos na região, recomenda-se a suplementação com Cu em animais a campo, tanto na seca quanto na chuva. Considerando as concentrações séricas e hepáticas de Fe e Mo, sugerese que as concentrações marginais de Cu não estejam diretamente relacionadas com o excesso destes minerais. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes nas concentrações séricas e hepáticas...

The aim of this research was to determine serum and liver concentrations of Cu, Mo, Fe and Zn in sheep and goats slaughtered in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons, and to establish if Cu deficiency which occurs in the region is primary or secondary to high levels of Mo and/or Fe. Serum and liver samples from 141 goats and 141 sheep were submitted to wet digestion in nitric-perchloric acid and analyzed by coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ICPOES). The mean serum concentrations of Cu were 9.85±2.71µmol/L in sheep and 11.37±2.57µmol/L in goats. Mean Cu liver concentrations were 158.45±83.05mg/kg in sheep and 152.46±79.58mg/ kg in goats. Mean serum concentrations of Fe were 35.58±14.89µmol/L in sheep and 25.06±8.10µmol/L in goats. Mean liver concentrations of Fe were 156.10±55.99mg/kg in sheep and 210.53±121.99mg/kg in goats. Mean serum concentrations of Mo were 0.28±0.11µmol/L in goats and 0.31±0.16µmol/L in sheep. Mean liver concentrations of Mo were 6.53±4.13mg/kg in goats and 8.10±4.01mg/kg in sheep. Mean serum concentrations of Zn were 11.9±6.07µmol/L in sheep and 11.79±7.42µmol/L in goats. Mean liver concentrations of Zn were 126.43±51.50mg/kg in sheep and 132.91±55.28mg/kg in goats. Based on Cu serum and liver concentrations and on the sporadic occurrence of enzootic ataxia, Cu supplementation is recommended for grazing sheep and goats during the dry and the rainy seasons. Considering that serum and hepatic concentrations of Fe and Mo are within normal ranges or are marginal, it is suggested that the low Cu concentrations are not related with high Fe or Mo ingestion. Non significant differences were observed between serum and liver concentrations of Cu and Mo, and between serum concentrations of Fe in samples collected during the rainy season and the dry season. Liver concentrations of Fe and serum and liver concentrations of Zn were significantly higher during...

Research advances in relationship between microelements and metabolic syndrome in children / 中华临床营养杂志

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has increased over the last decade.Research shows that the microelements including zinc,copper,iron,chromium,and selenium are relevant with the development of childhood MS.This article summarizes the recent advances in the relationship between microele-ments and MS.

The determination of the microelements among the Parkinson disease patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn in serum and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A total of 40 patients with PD (PD group) and 40 control subjects (control group)were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of Mn were measured by graphite atomic absorption, and Cu ,Fe, Zn were measured by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry. Resudts There were significantly increase in the levels of Mn and Fe in PD group than those in control group [(0.269±0.326) μ mol/L vs (0.125±0.054) μmol/L, P< 0.05, (1.512±0.949) μmol/L vs (0.676±0.111) μmol/L, P< 0.01)]. There were no significant difference in the levels of Cu and Zn between two groups (P> 0.05). Condusion Micreelements may play important roles in pathogenesis and development of PD, especially Fe and Mn.

Analysis of levels of microelements as biomarker in injury induced by formaldehyde / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde on the level of microelements in mouse liver and blood and explore the microelements as biomarker in injury induced by formaldehyde.Methods The mice were randomly divided into control,low(1/40LD50),moderate(1/20LD50) and high(1/10LD50) dose groups exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation(n=20),two hours per day for three and six weeks,and than the contents of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in mouse liver and blood were measured.Results The contents of Fe,Zn and Mn in liver in high dose group three weeks after exposure and the contents of Fe and Zn in liver in high dose group six weeks after exposure were significantly lower than those in control group(P

Contribution to the study of Himatanthus sucuuba: latex macromolecule, microelements and carbohydrates

The polymeric material in the latex of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson was identified by spectroscopic methods as cis-polyisoprene (Mn = 192; Mw = 571; Mw/ Mn = 2.97). ICP-MS analysis of microelements in the aqueous phase showed the most abundant to be Ca (354 g/g) and Mg (250 g/g). Carbohydrate analysis of the aqueous phase by HPLC-PAD showed arabinose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and galactose to be the predominant saccharides.

O polímero do látex de Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson foi identificado por métodos espectroscópicos como o cis-poliisopreno (Mn = 192; Mw = 571; Mw /Mn= 2.97). A análise de microelementos na fase aquosa por ICP-MS forneceu Ca (354 mg/g) e Mg (259 mg/g) como elementos majoritários. A detecção de carboidratos na fase aquosa por CLAE-DPA apresentou arabinose, glucose, xilose, ramnose e galactose como açúcares principais.

Deficiências e desequilíbrios de microelementos em bovinos e ovinos em algumas regiões do Brasil / Microelement deficiencies and imbalances in cattle and sheep in some regions of Brazil

Further results are given of studies on mineral deficiencies in cattle and sheep carried out by the authors over the last 25 years, and which began in the early fifties. The studies consisted in obtaining case histories of diseases possibly caused by mineral deficiencies, in field observations and clinical examinations of cattle and sheep affected by these diseases, in the performance of postmortem examinations with collection of material for histopathological examinations and chemical analyses of liver samples for copper, cobalt, zinc, mangnese, selenium and iron. In order to include also subclinical mineral deficiencies, which do not cause characteristic manifestations, liver samples of animals that succumbed to other diseases, mainly plant poisoning, were collected for chemical analyses. For interpretation the anlytical data were evaluated always together with the case history and the clinic-pathological picture of the animals. Copper deficiency was diagnosed in the counties of Barra do Bugres (Mato Grosso), Parintins (Amazonas) and Carolina (Maranhão), in northeastern Minas Gerais, in the southern part of the State of Rio de Janeiro and in the counties of Itaqui and Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul). Low copper values were also found in cattle affected by "ronca" [snoaring disease], of yet not established etiology, in the county of Aquidauana (Mato Grosso do Sul). Cobalt deficiency was diagnosed in the counties of Barra do Bugres and Diamantina (Mato Grosso), Boa Vista (Roraima), Manaus and Itacoatiara (Amazonas), in northeastern Minas Gerais and in in the counties of Luiz Antonio (São Paulo) and Seropédica (Rio de Janeiro). Low cobalt values were also found in cattle affected by the "doença do peito inchado" [swollen brisquet disease], of yet not established etiology in the eastern part of the State of Santa Catarina. Low values indicating zinc deficiency were obtained in the county of Seropédica (Rio de Janeiro). Low manganese values were verified in northeastern Minas Gerais and in animals affected by the "doença do peito inchado". High values of manganese were obtained in the counties of Cacequi, Itaqui and Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul). Low selenium values were obtained from the samples collected in Mato Grosso do Sul in the counties of Corumbá and Aquidauana. High values of selenium were obtained in the county of Boa Vista (Roraima). The iron values were high in many samples from all States, especially in those samples where copper values were low; in animals affected by "ronca" and "doença do peito inchado" these were particularly high. Low iron values were found in cattle with enzootic hematuria.(AU)

O presente trabalho constitui uma continuação da publicação dos resultados dos estudos sobre deficiências minerais em bovinos e ovinos obtidos nos últimos 25 anos e que vem sendo realizados pelos autores desde a década de 50. Esses estudos consistiram na obtenção de históricos de doenças possivelmente causadas por deficiências minerais, observações de campo e exames clínicos de bovinos e ovinos afetados por essas doenças, realização de necropsias com coleta de material para exames histopatológicos e dosagens químicas de cobre, cobalto, zinco, manganês, selênio e ferro em amostras de fígado. Para alcançar também as deficiências minerais mais leves, que não provocam quadros clínico-patológicos característicos, foram coletadas amostras de fígado para análises de microelementos também no decurso do estudo de doenças de outra natureza, sobretudo das causadas por plantas tóxicas. Na interpretação, os dados analíticos foram avaliados sempre em contexto com o histórico e o quadro clínico-patológico dos animais. Deficiência de cobre foi revelada nos municípios de Barra do Bugres (Mato Grosso), Parintins (Amazonas) e Carolina (Maranhão), no nordeste de Minas Gerais, na parte sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e nos municípios de Itaquí e Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul). Valores baixos de cobre foram encontrados também em bovinos afetados pela doença conhecida por "ronca", de etiologia ainda não esclarecida, no município de Aquidauana (Mato Grosso do Sul). Deficiência de cobalto foi diagnosticada nos municípios de Barra dos Bugres e Diamantina (Mato Grosso), Boa Vista (Roraima), Manaus e Itacoatiara (Amazonas), no nordeste de Minas Gerais e nos municípios de Luiz Antonio (São Paulo) e Seropédica (Rio de Janeiro). Valores baixos de cobalto também foram encontrados em bovinos afetados pela "doença do peito inchado", de etiologia ainda não esclarecida, que ocorre no leste de Santa Catarina. Valores de zinco indicando deficiência foram verificados no município de Seropédica (Rio de Janeiro). Valores baixos de manganês foram encontrados no nordeste de Minas Gerais e em bovinos afetados pela "doença do peito inchado". Valores altos de manganês foram obtidos nos municípios de Cacequí, Itaquí e Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul). Valores baixos de selênio foram verificados em amostras coletadas em Mato Grosso do Sul nos municípios de Corumbá e Aquidauana. Valores elevados de selênio foram obtidos no município de Boa Vista (Roraima). Os valores de ferro obtidos em grande parte das amostras de todos os Estados são elevados, sobretudo naquelas com baixos valores de cobre; nos animais afetados pelo "ronca" e pela "doença do peito inchado", os valores de ferro são particularmente altos. Valores baixos de ferro foram constatados em bovinos afetados pela hematúria enzoótica.(AU)